Patrick Veneau a sociologist, researcher at the Education, Training and Certification department.  He is an expert of certification issues.  He is used to analyse the main types of certifications in France : how they are made,  their contents and use. He carried few years ago a research on the Commission technique of homologation (now called Commission nationale de la Certification professionnelle) history and work, which is the institution in charge of the implementation of the NQF in France.